List Of Official Presidents Of The Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo is officially recognized as the first president of the Philippines, but this is based on his term of office during the Malolos Republic, later known as the First Philippine Republic. Prior to this Aguinaldo had held the presidency of several revolutionary governments which are not counted in the succession of Philippine republics.
Manuel L. Quezon delegated his presidential duties to José Abad Santos, the then Chief Justice, when the former fled the Philippines amidst Japanese occupation of the islands to establish a government-in-exile. He is believed to have in effect become the acting president of the Philippine Commonwealth though no legal document has been retrieved detailing the official transfer of the title of President to Abad Santos.
1. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (1869–1964)
January 23, 1899–March 23, 1901
(2 years, 59 days)
2. Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (1878–1944)
November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944
(8 years, 260 days)
3. José Paciano Laurel y García (1891–1959)
October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945
(1 year, 307 days)
4. Sergio Osmeña Sr. (1878–1961)
August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946
(1 year, 300 days)
5. Manuel Acuña Roxas (1892–1948)
May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948
(1 year, 323 days)
(1 year, 323 days)
6. Elpidio Quirino y Rivera (1890–1956)
April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953
(5 years, 257 days)
December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957
(3 years, 77 days)
March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961
(4 years, 287 days)
December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965
(4 years, 0 days)
December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
(20 years, 57 days)
February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992
(6 years, 126 days)
June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
(6 years, 0 days)
June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
(2 years, 204 days)
January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010
(9 years, 161 days)
June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016
(6 years, 0 days)
June 30, 2016 – present
(4 years, 339 days)
The list of unofficial presidents of the Philippines include people that Philippine historians have identified as having held the presidency of a government that intended to represent the Philippines but are not counted by the modern Government of the Philippines as an official president of the Philippines.
History:
Andrés Bonifacio is considered by some historians to be the first president of the Philippines. He was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo; Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo) of the Katipunan secret society. Its Supreme Council, led by the Supreme President, coordinated provincial and district councils. When the Katipunan went into open revolt in August 1896 (the Cry of Balintawak), Bonifacio transformed it into a revolutionary government with him as president. While the term Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Tagalog: Republika ng Katagalugan; Spanish: Republica Tagala). (Although the word Tagalog refers to a specific ethnicity, Bonifacio used it to denote all indigenous people in the Philippines in place of Filipino which had colonial origins.)
Some historians contend that including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar y Carpio should also be included. Miguel Malvar y Carpio continued Emilio Aguinaldo's leadership of the First Philippine Republic after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902. Macario Sakay revived the Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuation of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents". Along with Bonifacio, Malvar and Sakay are not recognized as presidents by the Philippine government.
Notes
^ Term began when Bonifacio declared the establishment of the Tagalog Republic.
^ Term ended after the Tejeros Convention.
^ Executed for treason by Aguinaldo's government; Bonifacio did not recognize its validity and still acted as president.
^ "Sovereign Nation/People" is translated from haring bayan or haringbayan, Bonifacio's Tagalog neologism adapting the term "republic", based on its Latin roots res publica; "republic" was itself used as a synonym of haring bayan. The full original terms are Haring Bayang Katagalugan and Republika ng Katagalugan.
^ Term was established at the Tejeros Convention; Aguinaldo took his oath of office the day after (March 23), but did not fully assume the office until late April 1897.
^ Term ended with the establishment of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
^ Aguinaldo was elected President of a new government by fellow members of the Katipunan, but the new government considered the Katipunan per se to be dissolved/superseded when it came into existence to replace it.
^ The Tejeros government called itself Republica Filipina, Republica de Filipinas and Pamahalaan ng Sangkatagalugan(akin to Bonifacio's preferred terminology) and so it does not yet have a standardized name in Philippine historiography.
^ Term began after the establishment of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
^ Term ended when Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
^ "Republic of Biak-na-Bato" is a term used by Filipino historians to distinguish it from other Philippine Republics; it called itself Republica de Filipinas.
^ Term ended when Aguinaldo shifted from dictatorial to revolutionary government.
^ Aguinaldo formally held the title of "Dictator", was not formally "President" again until the end of the Dictatorial Government and the start of the pre-Malolos Revolutionary Government.
^ Term began with the declaration of a revolutionary government replacing the dictatorship.[13]
^ Term ended with the inauguration of the Malolos Republic, considered the First Philippine Republic.
^ Replaced the Dictatorial Government, but both did not call themselves a "Republic". Replaced by the First Republic.
^ Term ended upon the return of Aguinaldo, who established a dictatorship.
^ Term began when Malvar presumptively assumed the presidency after the capture of Aguinaldo.
^ Term ended when Malvar surrendered in Batangas.
^ "Malolos Republic" is a term used by Filipino historians to distinguish it from other Philippine Republics; it called itself Republica Filipina.
^ Term began when Sakay declared the establishment of the Tagalog Republic (in the tradition of Bonifacio instead of Aguinaldo).
^ Term ended when Sakay surrendered as part of an amnesty; he was executed a year later.
^ The original term is Republika ng [Kapuluang] Katagalugan.
(5 years, 257 days)
7. Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay, Sr. (1907–1957)
December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957
(3 years, 77 days)
8. Carlos Polistico García (1896–1971)
March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961
(4 years, 287 days)
9. Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr.
December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965
(4 years, 0 days)
10. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (1917–1989)
December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
(20 years, 57 days)
11. Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (1933–2009)
February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992
(6 years, 126 days)
12. Fidel Valdez Ramos (born 1928)
June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
(6 years, 0 days)
13. Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born 1937)
June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
(2 years, 204 days)
14. Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo (born 1947)
January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010
(9 years, 161 days)
15. Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III (born 1960)
June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016
(6 years, 0 days)
16. Rodrigo Roa Duterte (born 1945)
June 30, 2016 – present
(4 years, 339 days)
List Of Unofficial Presidents Of The Philippines
The list of unofficial presidents of the Philippines include people that Philippine historians have identified as having held the presidency of a government that intended to represent the Philippines but are not counted by the modern Government of the Philippines as an official president of the Philippines.
History:
Andrés Bonifacio is considered by some historians to be the first president of the Philippines. He was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo; Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo) of the Katipunan secret society. Its Supreme Council, led by the Supreme President, coordinated provincial and district councils. When the Katipunan went into open revolt in August 1896 (the Cry of Balintawak), Bonifacio transformed it into a revolutionary government with him as president. While the term Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Tagalog: Republika ng Katagalugan; Spanish: Republica Tagala). (Although the word Tagalog refers to a specific ethnicity, Bonifacio used it to denote all indigenous people in the Philippines in place of Filipino which had colonial origins.)
Some historians contend that including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar y Carpio should also be included. Miguel Malvar y Carpio continued Emilio Aguinaldo's leadership of the First Philippine Republic after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902. Macario Sakay revived the Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuation of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents". Along with Bonifacio, Malvar and Sakay are not recognized as presidents by the Philippine government.
Notes
^ Term began when Bonifacio declared the establishment of the Tagalog Republic.
^ Term ended after the Tejeros Convention.
^ Executed for treason by Aguinaldo's government; Bonifacio did not recognize its validity and still acted as president.
^ "Sovereign Nation/People" is translated from haring bayan or haringbayan, Bonifacio's Tagalog neologism adapting the term "republic", based on its Latin roots res publica; "republic" was itself used as a synonym of haring bayan. The full original terms are Haring Bayang Katagalugan and Republika ng Katagalugan.
^ Term was established at the Tejeros Convention; Aguinaldo took his oath of office the day after (March 23), but did not fully assume the office until late April 1897.
^ Term ended with the establishment of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
^ Aguinaldo was elected President of a new government by fellow members of the Katipunan, but the new government considered the Katipunan per se to be dissolved/superseded when it came into existence to replace it.
^ The Tejeros government called itself Republica Filipina, Republica de Filipinas and Pamahalaan ng Sangkatagalugan(akin to Bonifacio's preferred terminology) and so it does not yet have a standardized name in Philippine historiography.
^ Term began after the establishment of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
^ Term ended when Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
^ "Republic of Biak-na-Bato" is a term used by Filipino historians to distinguish it from other Philippine Republics; it called itself Republica de Filipinas.
^ Term ended when Aguinaldo shifted from dictatorial to revolutionary government.
^ Aguinaldo formally held the title of "Dictator", was not formally "President" again until the end of the Dictatorial Government and the start of the pre-Malolos Revolutionary Government.
^ Term began with the declaration of a revolutionary government replacing the dictatorship.[13]
^ Term ended with the inauguration of the Malolos Republic, considered the First Philippine Republic.
^ Replaced the Dictatorial Government, but both did not call themselves a "Republic". Replaced by the First Republic.
^ Term ended upon the return of Aguinaldo, who established a dictatorship.
^ Term began when Malvar presumptively assumed the presidency after the capture of Aguinaldo.
^ Term ended when Malvar surrendered in Batangas.
^ "Malolos Republic" is a term used by Filipino historians to distinguish it from other Philippine Republics; it called itself Republica Filipina.
^ Term began when Sakay declared the establishment of the Tagalog Republic (in the tradition of Bonifacio instead of Aguinaldo).
^ Term ended when Sakay surrendered as part of an amnesty; he was executed a year later.
^ The original term is Republika ng [Kapuluang] Katagalugan.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unofficial_presidents_of_the_Philippines
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